Category Archives: Dual Citizenship

Having a second citizenship is seen as an insurance policy in an unstable world.

You Have Your Certificate Of Canadian Citizenship – What Next? Six Options For Newly Recognized Canadians

John Richardson, J.D. – August 13, 2026

Introduction and purpose

This is the third of a series of posts to help you understand Canadian citizenship by descent. Canada’s Bill C-3 which took effect on December 15, 2025 made major changes to Canada’s citizenship laws. By changing it’s “citizenship by descent” rules, Canada has created an opportunity for many U.S. citizens to be formally recognized as Canadian citizens. This series of posts has been designed to understand Canada’s Bill C-3 (effective December 15, 2025) and understand how and why these changes are so valuable for many U.S. citizens.

A series of posts

The first post focused on Understanding The Citizenship By Descent Provisions Of Bill C-3 – The Canada Citizenship Act. Specifically what factual conditions would result in an indiviudal being a Canadian citizen and therefore entitled to a Certificate of Canadian citizenship? (Note that with the exception of naturalization or direct grant, one would, under Canadian law, be a Canadian citizen from birth. Those born in the United States are U.S. citizens from birth. Hence, many people, recognized as Canadian citizens from birth, would be Canada/U.S. dual citizens from birth.)

Understanding The Citizenship By Descent Provisions Of Bill C-3 – The Canada Citizenship Act

The second post is a discussion of “Canadian Citizenship By Descent – A Search For Proof (To Prove The Truth)

Canadian Citizenship By Descent – A Search For Proof (To Prove The Truth) – 4 Perspectives

If citizenship cannot be proven, it has no functional or practical existence. Therefore, those seeking a Certificate of Canadian citizenship embark on “a search for proof”. Although the law does not establish a formal deadline to submit the application for a “Certificate of Canadian Citizenship”, I suggest applying as quickly as possible. Laws can and do change!

This third post is to explore why eligibility for a “Certificate of Canadian Citizenshp” matters. What good is it to be a Canadian citizen? What role could Canadian citizenship play in your life. So, you are a Canadian citizen? What do you do with it? How can it benefit you and your descendants? I suggest that (particularly as a U.S. citizen) that there are (at least) six ways that having a Canadian passport could enhance your life.

What does it mean to be a Canadian citizen? What does it mean to move to Canada as a Canadian citizen?

This post is organized in the following Parts.

Part A – Taxation is destiny – moving to another country always has tax implications

Part B – If you move to Canada and renounce U.S. citizenship you may be subject to the U.S. “Exit Tax” rules

Part C – A review of who IS a Canadian citizen and entitled to a Certificate of Canadian citizenship”

Part D – I have my certificate of Canadian citizenship – what do I do with it? How do I turn it into a family heirloom? How can I sponsor my spouse?

Part E – Six specific opportunities Canadian citizenship provides to U.S. citizens

Part F – Renouncing U.S. citizenship and having access to the United States as a Canadian citizen

Conclusion

Appendix A – The 877A U.S. Exit Tax Rules

Appendix B – The 877A “dual citizen from birth” exemption to the Exit Tax Rules

Appendix C – The legislative text of the “dual citizen from birth” exemption to “covered expatriate” status

Here we go …

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U.S. “College Bound” Students Should Consider Educational Opportunities To Study Abroad

The purpose of this post is captured in the following tweet:

I have been meaning to write this post for some time. I am motivated today because of a chance conversation with a couple yesterday. Turns out that their daughter had decided to attend university in Ireland. Apparently, she had applied to a number of U.S. schools and had a mixed record of acceptance. Attending school in the USA would have cost the family approximately $70,000 USD per year.

The daughter applied to well known university in Ireland, was accepted and will pay approximately $22,0000 per year. That’s approximately $200,000 in saving over a four year period!!

I then remembered an article – dated April 8, 2025 – in the Boston Globe where Globe writer Carrie Simonelli described how her daughter was interested in attending McGill University in Montreal. Ms. Simonelli’s article included:

Politics aside, for students, financial considerations always weigh heavily. On average, US students going to Canadian colleges pay between $20,000 and $30,000 a year in tuition (in US dollars), Miller, of Universities Canada, says. For comparison, in Massachusetts alone, more than a dozen private schools charged at least $60,000 in tuition for the current school year, with Williams College topping the list at $72,170 — without factoring in the cost of living on campus.

The strength of the US dollar versus Canada’s also helps bring costs down. And, aid through the FAFSA application and other sources may still be an option: American students at 64 of Canada’s universities are eligible for federal US student loans, says Mark Kantrowitz, the creator of Finaid.org and the author of How to Appeal for More College Financial Aid. In addition, he says, the Canadian government offers a small — though highly competitive — number of scholarships for international students.

The comments to the article are interesting and varied. Generally, they focus on the experience of living in Montreal, the quality of McGill as a school and the opportunity to experience life outside the United States.

On June 6, 2025 the Globe published some letters to the editor (including my own) in response to Ms. Simoelli’s article. The letters included:

Headed North

I enjoyed reading “The Lure of Canadian Colleges” (April 13). Nine years ago my daughter and I visited McGill on a college road trip. Alas, she went to UMaine because she wanted more green space. But I fell in love with Montreal! It has such a European flavor. The cafes, patisseries, and restaurants are all so fabulous. I visited Montreal at least twice a year and in 2021 I purchased a condo there. I’m retired now and I spend a significant amount of time in Montreal. McGill has excellent academics and is right in the middle of downtown.

George Hom

Needham

As a Toronto-based lawyer who assists US citizens and green card holders living in Canada, I read this article with great interest. I have always believed that attending university in Canada is a wonderful opportunity for US residents seeking post-secondary options. Leaving aside other considerations, schools like McGill offer excellent opportunities at much lower cost than comparable US schools. There is a second benefit: There are various ways to leverage the student visa into permanent residence in Canada and eventually citizenship. This is a distinct advantage for those who see the value in dual citizenship.

John Richardson

Toronto

Trump bump? Try: “brain drain.” We’re going to lose scientists, international scholars, and our own smart young people who have good reasons to give up on this country.

somervilleny

posted on bostonglobe.com

Students in my town have been going to Canada for college for quality, affordability, and proximity to Mass. since we moved here in mid 2000s. Smart move.

Tess McGill

posted on bostonglobe.com

If I were a young person, I would ABSOLUTELY flee to Canada faster than you can say “Eh.” Trump is shredding our democracy, and Canada has a very tolerant society.

Mbbs

posted on bostonglobe.com

Acquiring dual citizenship – An additional reason to consider studying abroad for a post-secondary degree

If properly planned, study abroad can create pathways to obtaining residence and citizenship in that country. This can sometimes be achieved at little or no additional cost to the education. Canada’s Post Graduate Work Permit is the springboard to one of the best second citizenship programs in the world.

The acquisition of citizenship can benefit a family for generations.

When considering educational opportunities abroad it makes sense to consider what those opportunities might imply for citizenship or permanent residence leading to citizenship in that country. Some countries have opportunities. Others don’t.

Why a second citizenship may be a huge asset

To put it simply:

Citizenship gives one the right to live and work in that country. Obviously this would enhance life and professional opportunities.

Q. Do you want to create an option to leave your country of residence?

A. If you have to get a university degree anyway, why not explore options that are (1) more cost efficient and (2) create opportunities for future live mobility.

In conclusion …

It is possible to study abroad AND leverage that “study abroad” into a second citizenship.

In a world where multiple citizenships have increasing value, the possibilities of studying abroad are more valuable than ever.

John Richardson – Follow me on X.com @ExpatriationLaw

Dan Duggan Part 2 – For The Sake Of Its Citizens And Sovereignty Australia Must Terminate The Extradition Treaty With The United States

Introduction and purpose:

This is the second post motivated by the Dan Duggan extradition proceedings. The first post was:

U.S. Australian Extradition Treaty: 1974 Original Treaty And 1997 – How Does It Apply To Dan Duggan?

Outline:

Part A – About U.S. Extradition treaties
Part B – Examples Of Using Extradition Treaties To Facilitate The Application Of U.S. Law:
Part C – Why countries really need to end their extradition treaties with the United States
Part D – The Dan Duggan Case – Why Australia Should Refuse Extradition
Appendix – Michael Lynch – AI – Who Would Have Imagined An Extradition Treaty Being Used In The Context Of A Private Contract?

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Part 6 – What Would A Ban On Dual Citizenship Mean For U.S. Citizens?

The Little Red Dual Citizenship Book

See the Appendix for a list of posts making up the “Little Red Dual Citizenship Book”

Whether or not it’s “fake news” …

It started with what purported to be a post by President Trump on “Truth Social” that he was going to attempt to end dual citizenship. This was immediately exposed as a “Fake Post”. Nevertheless, I came across an interesting video of what it would mean if Americans were somehow banned from being dual citizens. Without regard to the “fakeness” of the claim that President Trump was interested in ending dual citizenship, the video is interesting.

John Richardson – Follow me on X.com @ExpatriationLaw

Appendix – Posts That Make Up The “Little Red Dual Citizenship Book”

Part 1 – Dual Citizenship Reporting

Part 1 – Citizenship-based reporting: Russia’s "citizenship reporting" requirements – will the United States be next?

Part 2 – Under What Circumstances Is Citizenship By Ancestry Justified?

Part 2 – Citizenship Matters With @RonanMcCrea: Citizenship By Descent Can Be High Risk For A Country In A Less Global World

Part 3 – Could U.S./Canada Dual Citizens Residing In Canada Determine The Outcome Of A U.S. Election? (The Democrats Hope So)

Part 3 – Could The November 3, 2020 US Election Be Decided By Canadian Residents With US/CDN Dual Citizenship?


Part 4 – A Change In Canadian Law Increase Canadian “Citizenship Through Ancestry” Options For Americans

Part 4 – Canada Bill – C71 Will Increase Citizenship By Descent Options For US Citizens Seeking Canada/US Dual Citizenship

Part 5 – When Dual Citizenship For The Individual, Becomes “Duel Citizenship” For The State

Part 5 – The Clash Of Citizenships: When Dual Citizenship For The Individual Becomes Duel Citizenship For The State

Part 6 – What Would Ending Dual Citizenship Look Like For U.S. Citizens?

Part 6 – What Would A Ban On Dual Citizenship Mean For U.S. Citizens?

Part 5 – The Clash Of Citizenships: When Dual Citizenship For The Individual Becomes Duel Citizenship For The State

Introduction And Summary

This is Part 5 in my “Little Red Dual Citizenship Book” Series. For parts 1 to 4, see the Appendix.

The proliferation of “dual citizenship” in the 21st century is a benefit for individuals. As Boston Globe Correspondent journalist David Shribman explains, dual citizenship may be a critical part of an individual’s identity. That said, “dual citizenship” may not be a benefit (and may be a danger) for countries in certain circumstances. The purpose of this post is (in part) to question whether dual citizens of a country should have the same class of rights as those who are ONLY citizens of the country. Should Canada/US dual citizens living in Canada have the same rights of citizenship as those who are ONLY Canadian citizens living in Canada. For example, should dual citizens be permitted to vote in Canadian elections? Should dual citizens be permitted to run for public office?

This recent article in the Toronto Globe and Mail reinforces the validity of this question.

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Part 4 – Canada Bill – C71 Will Increase Citizenship By Descent Options For US Citizens Seeking Canada/US Dual Citizenship

Introduction And Summary

This is Part 4 in my “Little Red Dual Citizenship Book” Series. For parts 1 to 5, see the Appendix.

A recent article in the Boston Globe is evidence that more and more Americans are interested in acquiring a second citizenship. Second citizenship can be obtained through naturalization, investment or citizenship by descent. “Citizenship by descent” is citizenship conferred based on one’s relationship – ancestry – to a parent or grandparent. The nature of the ancestral relationship depends on the country. Countries offering citizenship by descent include: Italy, Ireland, Poland, Canada and many other European countries. Citizenship by ancestry is often referred to as “citizenship by descent”. The basic principle is that one acquires citizenship because of a familial relationship to a citizen of that country. Increasing numbers of people are learning that through ancestry, they may be able acquire or document a second citizenship.

An option for “citizenship by descent” that is much closer to home – Canada – will soon be an option for more U.S. citizens than it is under exiting law.

Citizenship By Descent – Equal Treatment And Opportunity For All Canadian Citizens

The precise rules governing citizenship by descent vary from country to country. The rules governing citizenship by descent have many difficulties. Should ANY citizen be able to pass his/her citizenship on to the next generation? Does the physical connection to the country of citizenship matter? Should citizenship by descent rules operate so that acquisition of descent can be available for many generations? These questions were explored in the context of Canada’s Charter of Rights And Freedoms.

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Some IRS Medic Livestream Videos – 2026 to 2023

Introduction:

Over the years I have been a guest on the IRS Medic Youtube Channel a number of times. The topics have been varied and of relevance to Americans abroad. I thought I would collect “some” of the videos in one post. If you scroll down, I expect that you will some topics of interest to you. Many if not most of the topics have included written presentations in PDF format. I will add those when I have the time and am able to locate them.

If after watching any of these, if you want to schedule a consultation to discuss your situation:

https://www.calendly.com/renounceUScitizenship

ExpatriationLaw.com

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