Introduction – Punishing You For Your Past and Destroying Your Future
Punishing You For Your Past – Retroactive Taxation And The Sec. 965 Transition Tax
The 2017 U.S. Tax Reform AKA – The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act ushered in significant changes for Americans abroad who carry on business through small business corporations. Section 965 was an attempt to impose retroactive taxation on 31 years of corporate earnings that were NOT subject to U.S. taxation at the time that they were earned. In Canada Canadian Controlled Private Corporations are used as private pension plans. The effect of the Sec. 965 transition tax was/is to confiscate the pensions which were earned in Canada by Canadian residents. It’s simply wrong.
In early of 2018 Dr. Karen Alpert and I worked on a series of videos to explain the Sec. 965 Transition Tax. Those vides spawned a series of 27 posts about the Sec. 965 transition tax.
Destroying Your Future – Presumed GILTI – The Sec. 951A GILTI Tax
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Category Archives: Canadian Controlled Private Corporation
Part 27 – While addressing some Sec. 965 @USTransitionTax concerns, there is NO EVIDENT CONCERN from @WaysandMeansGOP for the injustice inflicted on Americans abroad
Introduction – “Indifference being the worst form of abuse”
"Indifference and neglect often do much more damage than outright dislike." https://t.co/dxiMjWIltE via @BrainyQuote pic.twitter.com/wi3JS4WCGg
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 29, 2018
A quick summary of this post:
On November 26, 2018 the House Ways and Means Committee under the leadership of Chairman Brady announced a bi-partisan bill which contains a number of “Technical Fixes” to the December 22, 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. While specifically addressing the Sec. 965 transition tax, the bill contains neither mention nor relief for Americans Abroad who are at risk of having their retirement pensions confiscated by the U.S. Government. (While the transition tax may actually be beneficial for Homeland Americans, it is simply devastating for Americans abroad.)
In other words: The proposed legislation is NOT neutral. By specifically addressing the Sec. 965 transition tax and NOT providing relief for Americans abroad, it has exacerbated a difficult situation. My understanding is that many Americans abroad have requested filing extensions to December 15, 2018. The failure of this proposed bill to provide relief means that many Americans abroad with small businesses are in an untenable situation where compliance may well be impossible.
My analysis and discussion follows …
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Part 26 – 2018 The @USTransitionTax in Review: As the year winds down lawyer @MonteSilver1 organizes the "Transition Tax" lawsuit – Monte has supported you! It's time for you to help Monte support you!
Jack Russell kept inside it's yard by the "invisible dog fence" is exactly like an individual U.S. citizen who uses a CFC to attempt to carry on a business outside the USA under the new #GILTI regime. Q. What kind of dog are you? A. Ask your tax accountant https://t.co/BQb1RePQ3f
— U.S. Transition Tax – Subpart F and #GILTI (@USTransitionTax) January 29, 2018
2018 has been a difficult year for Americans living outside the United States who operate small businesses through corporations. The tax compliance community is still interpreting Section 965 of the Internal Revenue to require them to “turn over” a percentage of their assets to the U.S. government.
For those who don’t understand what the “transition tax” is:
My comment to the article on the @USTransitionTax that appeared in today's Financial Times https://t.co/zBdXxk8nGz. The actual article is here https://t.co/Ch99owa1Ri pic.twitter.com/Bt0Vems8t2
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) February 5, 2018
Okay, sorry the text in the above image is a little small. But, my point includes, that the “transition tax” is: (1) retroactive taxation (2) on income that was specifically NOT subject to U.S. taxation at the time that it was earned (3) without any triggering event whatsoever (4) that is an attempted tax grab before the host country can tax it (5) in a way that absolutely results in double taxation (6) that is in effect a confiscation of the “pensions” of Americans abroad. Yes, it’s true and NO U.S. TAX PROFESSIONAL HAS EVEN ATTEMPTED TO SUGGEST THAT POINTS 1 – 6 ARE FALSE.
The purpose or this post is to:
1. Review what has happened during the last year; and
2. Strongly encourage you to support Monte Silver (a U.S. tax lawyer based in Israel) in his organizing a lawsuit against U.S. Treasury for not having complied with various statutes in the implementation of this law. See Silvercolaw.com or contact Monte at ms@silvercolaw.com
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Part 25 – Reflections on the "S Corporation" exemption to the Sec. 965 @USTransitionTax – Hat Tip to @SCorpAssn
Beginnings …
A recent comment at the Isaac Brock Society includes:
It’s too bad I didn’t put my Canadian corporation in an S Corp before I knew I was a US taxpayer. I must have misplaced my crystal ball at the time. As I had when I sold my house in Canada.
What a clusterfu@k!
On November 15, 2018 I did a second interview (first interview October 16, 2018 here) with Monte Silver and his Sec. 965 advocacy. The video was featured on a post at CitizenshipTaxation.ca.
Orwell observed that Some individuals are more equal than others: "John Richardson @ExpatriationLaw and Monte Silver @MonteSilver1: The Sec. 965 @USTransitionTax & Sec. 951A #GILTI Taxes – Next steps" https://t.co/iAlB3Rs472 via @CitizenshipTax
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 17, 2018
If you have not watched the November 15 interview, I suggest that you begin by watching the video (click on the above tweet). The most significant part of the interview is where Sec. 965(I) is discussed. Interestingly Sec. 965(I) provides a transition tax exemption to individuals who are the shareholders of an “S Corp”. To understand the mechanism for the exemption, click on the link in the following tweet:
Good explanation of how the "Shareholders of S Corps can defer payment of the @USTransitionTax https://t.co/stbvc9cOWZ
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 18, 2018
This interesting exemption is available only to individuals who are shareholders of S corporations and not to other individuals. The interview also included some discussion of the fact that “S Corp” shareholders have the benefit of lobbying from a powerful lobbying association – S-Corp. The interview ended with Monte Silver describing the probability that the Sec. 965 transition tax issue is headed to the courts.
But, in the “Pay To Play Casino” that America has become:
"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal…" https://t.co/vPJyQeuOlW via @BrainyQuote
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 17, 2018
Why are individuals who are the shareholders of an S corporation, which owns the shares of a CFC, more equal than those individual shareholders who own the shares of a CFC directly?
Let’s see …
Purpose of this post …
The purpose of this post is to explore the following issues/questions:
1. What exactly is an S Corporation?
2. How the requirements of an S Corporation reflect that that S Corps are the “small business corps” of America
3. How the S Corporation is taxed and why that taxation is consistent with the S Corporation as an entity for small business
4. An interesting history of the S Corporation
5. Why most Americans abroad are like most small business owners in America (and presumably should have similar tax treatment)
6. How the S-Corp association lobbying in DC has likely resulted in favourable “transition tax” treatment for S-Corps
7. The argument that – with respect to the “transition tax” that Americans abroad with small businesses should be treated the same way as shareholders of U.S. S-Corps
8. Should Americans abroad who don’t renounce U.S. citizenship consider using U.S. Corps to own and operate their businesses abroad?
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Part 24 – When it comes to the treatment of individuals: @USTransitonTax Code Sec. 965(i) proves that "Some individuals are more equal than other individuals"
Prologue – October 16, 2018 – Monte Silver explains the “Transition Tax” in general …
For those who missed the first interview (October 16, 2018) with @MonteSilver1 about the @USTransitionTax here it is: https://t.co/3eZcZIci2u
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 17, 2018
Internal Revenue Code – Section 965(i) begins with …
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/965
"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal…" https://t.co/vPJyQeuOlW via @BrainyQuote
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 17, 2018
(i) Special rules for S corporation shareholders
(1) In general
In the case of any S corporation which is a United States shareholder of a deferred foreign income corporation, each shareholder of such S corporation may elect to defer payment of such shareholder’s net tax liability under this section with respect to such S corporation until the shareholder’s taxable year which includes the triggering event with respect to such liability. Any net tax liability payment of which is deferred under the preceding sentence shall be assessed on the return of tax as an addition to tax in the shareholder’s taxable year which includes such triggering event.
Only “some” individuals are subject to the Sec. 965 US “Transition Tax” – how “some individuals are more equal than others” …
When it comes to @USTransitionTax as Orwell would have said: "All individuals are equal, but some individuals are more equal than others" – those who own their corp through an "S corporation" get continued deferral and NOT subject to Sec. 965 confiscation https://t.co/XldUHlsLcT
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 17, 2018
The complete second interview with Monte Silver – The unfairness to Americans abroad is compounded…
Part 23 – It's time for #Americansabroad to support the fight against the @USTransitionTax and #GILTI
Part 1 – Understanding the “Transition Tax” issue and what it means for Americans Abroad
As reported at Tax Connections:
Understanding the @USTransitionTax issue, what it means for #Americansabroad and why your support is needed NOW: "Letter To The Senate Finance Committee On The Effects Of The Transition Tax On Americans Abroad" https://t.co/PJVch4LqV7 via @taxconnections
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) November 13, 2018
Part 2 – The “Transition Tax” Battle continues …
Part 20 – The failure of Treasury to comply with the requirements of the "Regulatory Flexibility Act" make the Sec. 965 @USTranstitionTax subject to judicial review
Considering renouncing US citizenship! First it was #FATCA. But, for many #Americansabroad the Sec. 965 @USTransitionTax is the last straw. @Expatriationlaw interviews lawyer Monte Silver about his tax advocacy and his efforts to get relief for US #expats. https://t.co/2XGKP2JWpc
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) October 16, 2018
If you don’t want to reach this post, then just watch the above video.
If you do want to read the post …
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Part 18 – CAMPAIGN TO TREASURY/IRS: EXEMPT AMERICAN SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE U.S. & WORLDWIDE FROM THE @USTransitionTax & GILTI TAXES
This is Part 18 of my series of posts discussing the Section 965 U.S. Transition Tax. This has been reposted with permission from Americansabroadfortaxfairness.org.
Time out from our regular programming with this special message – A Call To Action – from Attorney Monte Silver:
Hi Fellow Americans:
On August 1, 2018, the Treasury/IRS issued proposed regulations that interpret the Repatriation tax law – a 250 page very complicated document. I discovered that in issuing the document, Treasury, the IRS and other Federal agencies seriously violated numerous Federal laws and procedures. This gives us tremendous leverage in negotiating for an exemption from the Repatriation & GILTI laws.
It is not unreasonable to expect that this battle may be won by December 15, 2018. What you can do to help win the battle? Easy! Treasury needs to hear your voice in a few short paragraphs (as outlined below) – by October 7, 2018.
We are within reach! Lets do it.
Monte
p.s. – as you may have an October 15, 2018 filing deadline, there is a way for you to extend the filing date until December 15, 2017. See IRS Publication 54, page 4 (can be seen at silvercolaw.com/blog). I suggest that you discuss this with your U.S. tax person.
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Part 17 – Does "intent" matter in the interpretation of the @USTransitionTax?
An example of the perspective of the “tax compliance” community -Look at what the statute says and not what was intended
Does Congressional "intent" matter? If application of the @USTransitionTax to #Americansabroad was an accident and not intentional, then why should it apply to them? "The “965 Hammer” (aka the “Transition” or “Repatriation” Tax) for USCs Residing Overseas" https://t.co/hwdMYnxkB6 pic.twitter.com/PeAJp8YFEg
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) September 9, 2018
In general, the tax compliance community has not been helpful to Americans abroad in responding to the “transition tax”. Few practitioners have made any effort to consider whether the “transition tax” applies to Americans abroad and/or whether it can be mitigated by treaty provisions. Furthermore, (assuming that the “transition tax” does apply) few have explored the full range of options available to affected taxpayers. (These options may include: paying the tax outright, paying the tax over 8 installments, maximimizing the effects of tax credits available at the shareholder level or maximizing the effects of tax credits available at the corporate level – the 962 election. Of course the attractiveness of these options is influenced by whether people intend to retain U.S. citizenship.)
By failing to consider the various “Faces Of The Transition Tax”, some in the tax compliance community, are effectively “bullying” taxpayers into responses that are not in the interest of the taxpayer.
Surely Circular 231 obligations don’t prevent an objective consideration of the whole range of options!
It is within this context, that I find the recent discussion of Nina Olson of IRS Tax Advocate refreshing.
But, wait. At least in terms of how the IRS administers the law, “Congressional intent” should matter
The intent of the law should matter in the interpretation of the law. Was the @USTransitionTax intended for #Americansabroad? "IRS Administration of the Section 965 Transition Tax Contravenes Congressional Intent and Imposes Unintended Burden on Taxpayers" https://t.co/I8PoME8B0t pic.twitter.com/3uAtxYziTY
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) September 9, 2018
Her analysis includes:
In other words, the memo concluded that the full amount of the Section 965 liability becomes due immediately – not ratably over the eight-year period the law gives taxpayers the option to make payments. As a result, any “overpayment” of non-Section 965 liabilities over the 8-year period cannot be refunded or applied as estimated tax for a future period until the full Section 965 liability is paid in full.
As a practical matter, this interpretation sharply limits the value of Section 965(h), and in some cases, it may even render it meaningless. Large corporations frequently overpay their estimated taxes for a variety of reasons, including to minimize the risk they may become liable for underpayment interest. Some may even have “overpaid” by most or all of their Section 965 liability. According to the IRS’s interpretation, those corporations will not receive any of the benefits Congress provided by enacting Section 965(h).
It may be that the IRS’s interpretation is legally correct, and congressional tax-writers failed to consider the interaction of IRC 965(h) with existing provisions governing refunds and credits. Some in the private sector generally agree that the IRS cannot pay refunds after a return is filed and the tax has been assessed, but they have suggested that – before the liability is assessed – the IRS may at least pay the estimated tax refunds requested on Form 4466. I have requested the Office of Chief Counsel to take another look at the issue and consider alternative approaches. Where Congressional intent is clear, it is the job of administrative agencies to give effect to that intent to the extent feasible. In some cases, that may require adopting a plausible interpretation, even if it not the “best” interpretation.
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The first sixteen posts in my “transition tax” series were:
Part 1: Responding to The Section 965 “transition tax”: “Resistance is futile” but “Compliance is impossible”
Part 2: Responding to The Section 965 “transition tax”: Is “resistance futile”? The possible use of the Canada U.S. tax treaty to defeat the “transition tax”
Part 3: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: They hate you for (and want) your pensions!
Part 4: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: Comparing the treatment of “Homeland Americans” to the treatment of “nonresidents”
Part 5: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: Shades of #OVDP! April 15/18 is your last, best chance to comply!
Part 6: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: A “reprieve” until June 15, 2018
Part 7: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: Why the transition tax creates a fictional tax event that allows the U.S. to collect tax where it never could have before
Part 8: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: This small business thought it was saving to invest in business expansion – Wrong, they were saving to be robbed by America!
Part 9: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: From the “Pax Americana” to the “Tax Americana”
Part 10: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: Individuals subject to U.S. state tax jurisdiction, the response of New York State – It’s about “reasonable cause”!
Part 11: Responding to the Sec. 965 “transition tax”: Letter to the Senate Finance discussing the effects of the transition tax on Americans abroad
Part 12 – Bulletin – June 4, 2018: It appears that the first payment for the @USTransitionTax will be delayed for some
Part 13 – Calculating the Transition Tax: Just Like Dental Work – Painful in More Ways Than One
Part 14 – Calculating the Transition Tax: The 962 Election – getting credit for the tax the corporation has paid
Part 15 – The Canadian Media Notices the @USTransitionTax: The @LizT1 series of post
Part 16 – Interview with David Sutherland and @IRSMedic about the @USTransitionTax
Part 16 – Interview with David Sutherland and @IRSMedic about the @USTransitionTax
Anthony Parent of IRS Medic interviewed Montana CPA David Sutherland and me about the transition tax. My views are well known. It was particularly interesting to hear Mr. Sutherland (a CPA with a number of Canadian clients affected by the transition tax) discuss this issue. Mr. Parent’s full blog post is here.
The following tweet will link you to the YouTube video:
Anthony Parent of @IRSMedic interviews Montana CPA David Sutherland and @Expatriationlaw about the Sec. 965 @USTransitionTax https://t.co/eOv281b0Wd
— John Richardson – lawyer for "U.S. persons" abroad (@ExpatriationLaw) September 3, 2018